Impact Of Dose Rate In Gamma Knife RadiosurgeryAjay Niranjan, MCh1, Josef NOVOTNY2, Wendy Fellows3, Jagdish Bhatnagar4, L. Dade Lunsford, MD1, Glenn Gobbel31Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh 2Hospital Na Homolce 3UPMC, Pittsburgh, USA 4Pittsburgh, United States Keywords: Dose rate, gamma knife, Dose, outcome, dose planningInteractive ManuscriptAsk Questions of this Manuscript: What is the background behind your study?Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) installations replace their Co-60 sources every 5-10 years corresponding to one - two Co-60 half-lives of the isotope that emits Gamma rays. Between source replacements the dose rate gradually declines. What is the purpose of your study?The purpose of this study was to assess whether different dose rates may affect the radiobiological response of a given dose delivered using a cell culture technique. Describe your patient group. Describe what you did.9L rat gliosarcoma cells were placed a at the center of an ELEKTA ABS spherical phantom. Three LGK units( LGK U, LGK 4C, and LGK Perfexion ) provided three different dose rates of 0.770 Gy/min (sources reloaded 12.0 years ago), 1.853 Gy/min (sources reloaded 5.0 years ago) and 2.937 Gy/min (sources reloaded 1.6 years ago), respectively. After irradiation of cell samples to 4.0 Gy, 8.0 Gy and 16.0 Gy on each of the LGK units, the irradiated cells were plated on well plates that have been pre-plated with feeder cells to enhance plating efficiency. Two weeks after plating, the colonies were fixed with 70% alcohol and stained with Meyer’s hematoxylin. Those cell colonies with greater than 50 cells were counted, and from the cell colonies of irradiated and un-irradiated reference cells, the survival of irradiated cells was calculated. Survival was plotted as a function of dose over the range of delivered doses and fitted to a linear quadratic function of the form SD = e-aD-ßD², where a and ß are terms fit using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Describe your main findings.Significantly smaller number of formed cell colonies can be observed for cells irradiated by 16.0 Gy dose. Cells from the 16.0 Gy sample were plated at a concentration 120X higher than non-irradiated cells. No significant difference is observed for survival in the range of dose rates used in this study. Three LGK units with different dose rates used in this study represented a useful range of dose rates used in a clinical practice. Describe the main limitation of this study.This is a retrospective study. Describe your main conclusion.This finding supports the hypothesis that there is no difference in radiobiological response of 9L gliosarcoma cells using LGK units with dose rates that vary between 0.770 Gy/min and 2.937 Gy/min. Describe the importance of your findings and how they can be used by others.In future studies we will reassess the dose rate effect on cultured neurons. Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) installations replace their Co-60 sources every 5-10 years corresponding to one - two Co-60 half-lives of the isotope that emits Gamma rays. Between source replacements the dose rate gradually declines. The purpose of this study was to assess whether different dose rates may affect the radiobiological response of a given dose delivered using a cell culture technique. 9L rat gliosarcoma cells were placed a at the center of an ELEKTA ABS spherical phantom. Three LGK units( LGK U, LGK 4C, and LGK Perfexion ) provided three different dose rates of 0.770 Gy/min (sources reloaded 12.0 years ago), 1.853 Gy/min (sources reloaded 5.0 years ago) and 2.937 Gy/min (sources reloaded 1.6 years ago), respectively. After irradiation of cell samples to 4.0 Gy, 8.0 Gy and 16.0 Gy on each of the LGK units, the irradiated cells were plated on well plates that have been pre-plated with feeder cells to enhance plating efficiency. Two weeks after plating, the colonies were fixed with 70% alcohol and stained with Meyer’s hematoxylin. Those cell colonies with greater than 50 cells were counted, and from the cell colonies of irradiated and un-irradiated reference cells, the survival of irradiated cells was calculated. Survival was plotted as a function of dose over the range of delivered doses and fitted to a linear quadratic function of the form SD = e-aD-ßD², where a and ß are terms fit using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Significantly smaller number of formed cell colonies can be observed for cells irradiated by 16.0 Gy dose. Cells from the 16.0 Gy sample were plated at a concentration 120X higher than non-irradiated cells. No significant difference is observed for survival in the range of dose rates used in this study. Three LGK units with different dose rates used in this study represented a useful range of dose rates used in a clinical practice. This is a retrospective study. This finding supports the hypothesis that there is no difference in radiobiological response of 9L gliosarcoma cells using LGK units with dose rates that vary between 0.770 Gy/min and 2.937 Gy/min. In future studies we will reassess the dose rate effect on cultured neurons. Project Roles:
A. Niranjan (), J. NOVOTNY (), W. Fellows (), J. Bhatnagar (), L. Lunsford (), G. Gobbel ()
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