To further evaluate the efficacy of GKS in treating DAVFs with retrograde leptomeningeal drainage and to identify the possible unward events after treatment.

     121 patients with intracranial dural AVFs and retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage had received gamma knife radiosurgery in a 15 year span  (1994 to 2008). There are 73 patients with cavernous sinus lesion, 48 with lesions in other sites.

     Lesion locations, Cognard classification, MR findings, treatment, clincal and image follow up were recorded. Actural cure rate was plotted using Kaplan-Meier method. Untoward clinical events were classifed into persistent venous hypertension, paradoxical deterioration due to occlusive hyperemic change, and others.